遗传与家庭环境对儿童个性影响的双生子研究

Twin Study of the Genetic and Family Environmental Effects on Children Personality

目的:探索遗传和家庭环境对儿童个性的影响。方法:采用横断面设计,以学籍登记为线索募集6-16岁的双生子56对,采集颊黏膜标本提取DNA,进行卵型鉴定。用儿童版艾森克个性测验(EPQ)作为儿童个性测量工具,用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、父母的养育方式和维度问卷(PSDQ)、家庭活动计划一般功能量表(FAD-GFS)、应激生活事件问卷等向其父母收集家庭环境信息。结果:(1)50对双生子成功提取DNA,卵型鉴定结果显示:同卵双生子24对,异卵双生子26对;(2)同卵双生(MZ)组的EPQ内外向、稳定性、掩饰度三个因子分每对双生子个体之间均正相关(r=0.75,0.73,0.56;P<0.05),而异卵双生(DZ)组仅有稳定性因子分在每对双生子个体之间有相关性,且相关系数小于MZ组(r=0.47,P<0.05;MZ组:Z值可信区间为(0.94±0.44);DZ组:Z=0.51);(3)110位双生子个体的EPQ内外倾向性(E分)与FAD-GFS分值呈负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.05),精神质(P分)与母亲GHQ-12分值呈正相关(r=0.22,P<0.05),稳定性(N分)与父亲的专制养育分呈正相关(r=0.24,P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示儿童个性主要受遗传因素决定,但家庭环境中母亲的心理健康状况、父亲的养育方式、健康的家庭功能等对儿童个性的形成也可能有不可忽视的作用。

Objective： To explore the genetic and family environmental effects on children personality. Methods： Using cross-sectional design, totally 56 pairs of twins aged 6 - 16 years were recruited according to the school registration information. DNA was extracted from buccal mucosa samples to identify zygosity. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （ EPQ ） was applied to the twins for assessing their personality characteristics＇, and the General Health Questionaire-12 （GHQ-12）, Parenting Styles And Dimensions Questionnaire （PSDQ）, The General Functioning Scale of the MaeMaster Family Activity Device （ FAD-GFS ）, and Stressful Life Events （ SLE ） were applied to their parents to collect information of family environment. Results： （ 1 ） Fifty twin pairs＇DNA were picked up successfully; zygosity identification showed that there were 24 monozygotic （ MZ ） twin pairs and 26 dizygotic （DZ） twin pairs among them. （ 2 ） There were significantly positive correlations between the two individuals of MZ twins pair in Neuroticism （ N ）, Extraversion （ E ） and Lie （ L ） scores of EPQ （ r = 0.75, 0. 73 and 0.56 respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ）, and compared with MZ twins pairs, DZ twin pairs only had a weaker correlation between the two individuals of twins pair in N score of EPQ （ r = 0.47, P 〈 0. 05 ; MZ group ： confidence interval of Z ： 0. 94 ± 0.44 ; DZ group ： Z = 0. 51 ） . （3） E score of EPQ was negatively correlated with score of FAD-GFS （ r = - 0. 20, P 〈 0. 05 ） . P score was positively correlated with score of mother＇s GHQ-12 （ r =0. 22, P 〈0. 05 ） . N score was positively correlated with father＇s autocratic-parenting-style score. （ r = 0. 24, P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusion： Gene plays an important role in children personality. However, it should not be ignored that the family environmental, such as mother＇s mental health, fa- therg rearing style, and general function of family also play a role in children personality.