大学生完美主义与父母养育方式、心理健康的关系

A Correlational Study on College Students' Perfectionism,Parental Rearing Patterns,and Mental Health

目的:探讨大学生的完美主义心理与父母养育方式、心理健康的关系。方法:在本横断面调查,以分层取样方式,于同一学期在北京地区的三所大学抽取选修心理学公共课的非心理学专业1～3年级本科生337名(男生152人,女生185人;年龄16～24岁)。利用已修订的中国大学生完美主义问卷、父母养育方式评价量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测量。结果:完美主义高分组在父亲的过度保护、过度干涉和拒绝否认上得分高于低分组[(2.4±0.5)vs.(2.0±0.4)、(2.2±0.4)vs.(2.0±0.3)、(1.5±0.5)vs.(1.4±0.5),P<0.001],在母亲的惩罚严厉、干涉保护和拒绝否认得分上高于低分组[(1.4±0.5)vs.(1.2±0.3)、(2.4±0.4)vs.(2.2±0.4)、(1.6±0.5)vs.(1.4±0.4),P<0.001];大学生的完美主义倾向与父亲的过度保护、过度干涉和拒绝否认正相关(r=0.36、0.24、0.27,P<0.05或0.01),与母亲的惩罚严厉、过度干涉保护和拒绝否认呈正相关(r=0.32、0.34、0.29,P<0.05或0.01),与SCL-90量表各条目均呈正相关(r=0.19～0.41,均P<0.01)。结论:大学生的完美主义心理与父母的养育方式有关;大学生的完美主义倾向与多种心理病理症状有关。

Objective： To investigate the relationship between college students＇perfectionism and their mental health, and parental rearing styles. Methods： The present study was a cross-sectional design. Three hundred and thirty seven Chinese college students （ 152 males and 185 females; aged 16 - 24） were recruited through cluster sampling. Participants were from three major universities, and responded to the revised Perfectionism Scale for Chinese College Students, Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran （EMBU） , and SCL-90. Results： The group with high score in perfectionism also got higher scores in their perception of fathers＇over-protection, over-intervention, and refusal/denial than the low score group [ （2.4±0.5） vs. （2.0±0.4）, （2.2±0.4） vs. （2.0±0.3）, （1.5±0.5） vs. （1.4±0. 5） ; P 〈0. 001 ] . The group with high scores in perfectionism also got higher scores in their perception of mothers＇ strict-punishment, over-protection and refusal/denial than the low score group [ （ 1.4 ± 0. 5 ） vs. （1.2 ± 0.3）, （2.4±0.4） vs. （2.2±0.4）, （1.6±0.5） vs. （1.4±0.4）; P〈0.001] . Perfectionism ofcollege students was positively correlated with over-protection, over-intervention, and refusal/denial of their fathers, with correlation coefficients of 0. 36 （ P 〈0. 01 ）, 0. 24 （ P 〈0. 01 ）, and 0. 27 （ P 〈0.05 ） respectively. Perfectionism of college students was also positively correlated with strict-punishment, over-protection/intervention, and refusal/denial of their mothers, with correlation coefficients of 0. 32 （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 0. 34 （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, and 0. 29 （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Perfectionism was correlated with all SCL-90 symptoms, with correlation coefficients of 0. 19 - 0.41 （ P 〈 0.01 ） . Conclusion： Perfectionism of college students is associated with the rearing styles of their parents; and perfectionism is negatively related to a variety of psychological symptoms.