影响牧区牧民幸福感因素的实证研究——天祝藏族自治县调查报告

Empirical Study on Factors Which Affect the Happiness of Herdsman——The Survey Report of Tianzhu Tibetan Nationality Autonomous County

改革开放以来,我国经济建设取得了辉煌成就,目前,部分地区甚至一些大城市的人均收入已赶上发达国家,但其总体幸福水平不尽人意。相反,有调查显示收入水平明显大幅度低于城市居民的农民,其生活满意感超过了城市居民,出现了"幸福悖论"现象。本文依据贫困牧区县的调查资料,运用ordered logit model对牧民幸福感同收入及若干非经济因素之间关系的维度和强度进行了考量。在假定牧区宗教及文化习俗对牧民的幸福感均有恒定影响的前提下,分析结果显示,牲畜数量是牧民的主要幸福源泉;牧区女性的幸福感要明显低于男性;牧民收入水平尚较低的情况下,人均年收入同幸福感显著正相关;牧民自身的教育投入对幸福感的提高起抑制作用;以30岁为拐点,牧区成年人和老年人的幸福感相对低于青年人;遇到资金周转困难时,银行对牧民家庭的贷款有助于改善幸福状况;物质条件对幸福感不具有明显的影响。

Since the reform and openness, our country＇s economic construction gets a big success, at present, the per capita income of part big cities has eanght up with the developed country already, but the entirety happiness is low. On the conlrary, some society survey says, that the people live in rural areas whose income is lower than urban residents obviously; their happiness overtakes the ur- ban residents. On the basis of survey data from poor pastoral area county, this paper aims at analyzing the income and some uneco- nomic factors, which affect the happiness of herdsman by the ordered logit model. Our hypothesis is that pastoral area＇s religion and culture convention affect the happiness of herdsman deeply. In conclusion, we state that： Livestock quantity is the major wellhead of herdsman＇s happiness. Women＇s happiness is lower than men in the pastoral area. The per capita income is significant positive correlation with herdsmen＇s happiness. More education of herdsmen-serf may restrain their happiness＇s raising. The people more than 30 years old, that happiness is lower than the people before the age of 30. When running into the difficulty of capital turnover, the bank providing a loan for herdsman will improve their happiness. Material gains don＇t affect the happiness obviously.