粤西哭嫁歌及其音乐文化分析

On Crying Marriage Songs and Their Music Culture Implications in Yuexi Area

运用结构主义的核心理论二元对立结构模式,分析粤西的哭嫁习俗及其哭嫁歌,能清晰地看清其面貌。粤西的哭嫁习俗由来已久,是"族外抢婚"俗的"遗留物"。哭嫁歌分为主体结构和生态结构两个部分。其主体结构由词——曲构成。哭唱的内容有"哭唱父"、"哭唱母"、"哭唱兄嫂"、"哭唱姐妹"、"哭唱弟弟"、"哭唱叔伯"、"哭唱舅父"、"哭骂媒人"等。哭嫁歌多为羽调式,旋律多下行,节拍自由,有些哭嫁歌每句都带有一个"叹息"式的尾腔,具有生活音调的特点。其生态结构由自然环境和文化环境构成。在男性为中心的社会里,女人的地位甚微,她们的力量弱小,只能通过唱哭嫁歌来与社会抗争,争取自己在家族和社会中的地位。

Based on the core theory of structuralism and bilateral opposite structure,the crying marriage customs and songs in Yuexi area are analyzed in order to get a clear understanding about them. Crying marriage customs in Yuexi area have a long history, which is said to be a handover from ＂grabbing bride by a non-family member＂. It is divided into two parts： principal structure and ecological structure. The principal structure consists of words and music. Crying songs mainly refer to songs ＂crying and singing for dads, mums, siblings, aunts and uncles, and even cursing songs for the matchmakers＂, most of which have a clear falling tone with a free rhythm, but some have a sighing ending to present the real life vividly. As for its ecological structure, it mainly consists of natural environment and cultural environment. In a male-oriented society,females have a lower position and belong to the weak group. The only way they can do to get their deserved position both at home and in society is to use crying marriage songs to express their struggles.