清代县以下行政区划

The administrative divisions below county in Qing Dynasty

清代地方政权最低一级为县。县以下基层社会中的行政区划,是国家权力与基层社会固有权力在制度层面上的契合点。本文通过考察清代县以下行政区划的形态、依据、性质,探讨了里社、保甲制度演变的深层原因———国家权力与基层社会固有权力在其中的位置及消长,揭示了原本对立统一的两方,如何在相互斗争中达到更高层次的统一,最终于基层社会确立了以士绅为主体的支配体系。

The lowest local authority in Qing Dynasty is county. From the institutional perspective, the administrative divisions of the grass-roots society below county is a combining point between state power and inherent authority of the grass-roots society. By examining the form, basis and characteristic of the administrative divisions below county, the paper probes into the deep reason for the evolution of the Li-She and Bao-Jia system, reveals the ebb and flow of state power and inherent authority of the grass-roots society under the administrative divisions below county, and discusses how the unity of opposites became unified on a higher level through struggling against each other and finally led to the establishment of the administrative system with the gentry strata as a mainstay in the grass-roots society.