鲁迅“文学自觉”说的现代性语境及其局限

The context of modernity and limitations of Lu Xun′s theory of literary self-consciousness

鲁迅关于文学自觉的时代始于魏晋的看法是在中国文学观念的现代转型中形成的,是中国文学观念西化进程中的产物。中国文学现代性进程中的中西比较视域、形式美感视域和情感视域三重视域影响了鲁迅的"文学自觉"说,其论断的局限主要在于:一、鲁迅对"文学自觉"的具体内涵的解释并不清楚;二、文学史研究中的自相矛盾;三、不能有效解释中国文学发展史中功利主义与审美主义的内在关系;四、对文学自觉的标志的看法也并不全面。

It was in the transforming period of Chinese literary ideas from tradition to modernity that Lu Xun developed his theory of Chinese literary self - consciousness sprouted in the Wei - Jin Dynasties, which was actually an offspring of the westernization of Chinese literary ideas. The development of the theory was under three perspectives in the modernization course of Chinese literature ： the perspective of China - Western Comparison, the perspective of formal aesthetic sense, and the perspective of sensibility. There are four limitations in the theory. First, Lu Xun＇s definition of literary self - consciousness hasn＇t made clear explanation on what the literary self - conseiousness is. Seeond, there is the self - contradiction in his study of literary history. Third, the theory cannot describe efficiently the relationship between utilitarianism and aestheticism in the developing course of Chinese literature. Finally, the viewpoint of the signs of the Chinese literary self - consciousness is not complete.