15～59岁肢体残疾人群致残原因研究

The causes of people with physical disabilities aged 15--59 years in China

目的了解15—59岁肢体残疾人群的致残原因现状及近20年来该人群主要致残原因的变化。方法对1987年和2006年两次全国残疾人抽样调查结果中15～59岁肢体残疾人群致残原因的调查数据进行流行病学特征分析和比较。结果2006年我国15—59岁肢体残疾人群的主要致残原因类别为疾病因素、伤害因素、先天性疾病及发育障碍和其他因素，致残率分别为0．720％、0．595％、0．224％和0．186％。其他外伤所致肢体残疾的致残率最高，为0．296％。与1987年调查结果相比，疾病因素、伤害因素、先天性疾病及发育障碍的致残率均显著上升。2006年我国15—59岁肢体残疾人群的前五位致残原因分别是：其他外伤、脊髓灰质炎、骨关节病、脑血管疾病以及工伤；1987年前五位致残原因分别是：其他外伤、小儿麻痹、其他原因、不明原因和血管性疾病。结论疾病因素和伤害因素是我国15～59岁肢体残疾人群的主要致残原因类别，其他外伤因素致残率最高；骨关节病和脑血管疾病逐渐成为我国15—59岁肢体残疾人群的主要致残原因。

Objective To understand the present situation and the changes of causes of people with physical disabilities aged 15--59 years during the past 20 years in China. Methods The data of causes of people with physical disabilities aged 15--59 collected from the results of The China National Sample Survey on Disability in 1987 and 2006 were analyzed and compared by using epidemiology method. Results The main category of causes of people with physical disabilities aged 15--59 was disease, followed by injury factors, congenital diseases, eccyliosis and other factors. Their causing-disability rates were 0. 720%, 0. 595% ,0. 224% and 0. 186% respectively. Other traumas had the highest causing-disability rate of 0. 296% in all causes. As compared with those in 1987 ,the causing-disability rates of disease factors, injury factors and congenital diseases and eccyliosis were increased obviously. The top five causes of disabilities aged 15--59 in China were other traumas, poliomyelitis, arthropathy, cerebrovascular diseases and industrial injury in 2006 ; while the other traumas, poliomyelitis, other known causes, unknown causes and vascular diseases were the top five in 1987. Conclusion Disease factors and injury factors should be the main causes of people with physical disabilities aged at 15--59 years, and the other traumas should have the highest causing-disability rate, and the arthropathy and cerebrovascular diseases might become the main causes.