摘要
《周礼》中庙享"前期十日……卜日"的仪制,与西周金文及《仪礼》等文献中的记载吻合,关于主持卜日的职官,则《大宰职》和《大宗伯职》二经所述重复龃龉。从《周礼》中可以钩稽出取龟、选龟、衅龟、攻龟、开龟五项整治卜龟的工序以及陈龟、贞龟、定龟、视高、命龟、作龟、占龟、系币八项天子庙享卜日的礼事,其中取龟、选龟、衅龟、攻龟、开龟、命龟、作龟、占龟、系币九项均能从地下出土实物和出土文献中找到可靠的依据;陈龟、贞龟、定龟、视高四项可以在《仪礼》、《礼记》等载籍中得到佐证;衅龟、开龟、占龟诸项与殷礼有着明显的不同,与周礼则彼此契合。这不仅证实了《周礼》中有关龟卜事宜的具体材料基本上是可信的,而且还说明了龟卜礼仪当属周礼内容。
It was written in Zhouli that choosing date by divination 10 days ahead is one of the set rules for the ancestral shrine sacrifice ceremony, which is identical with not only the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions but also ancient documents like Yili. However, ＂Dazai Zhi＂ and ＂ DazongboZhi＂ （both are sections of Zhouli） contradict each other concerning the official in charge of the divination.
Five steps in preparing and eight rites of choosing date for the emperor＇s ancestral shrine sacrifice ceremony can be ascertained in Zhouli. The five steps are qu gui（取龟）, xuan gui（选龟）, xin gui（衅龟）, gong gui（攻龟） and kai gui（开龟）. The eight rites are chen gui（陈龟）, zhen gui（贞龟）, ding gui （定龟）, shi gao（视高）, ming gui （命龟）, zuo gui（作龟）, zhan gui（占龟） and ji bi（系币）. Nine of them have been proved by both unearthed relics and documents. They are qu gui（取龟）, xuan gui（选龟）, xin gui（衅龟）, gong gui（攻龟）, kai gui（开龟）, ming gui（命龟）, zuo gui（作龟）, zhan gui（占龟） and ji bi（系币）. Four of them have been proved by documents like Yili and Liji. They are chen gui（陈龟）, zhen gui（贞龟）, ding gui（定龟） and shi gao（视高）. Three of them obviously differ from the rites of the Yin Dynasty, but they are identical with the rites of the Zhou Dynasty. They are xin gui（衅龟）, kai gui（开龟） and zhan gui（占龟）.
Thus it is clear that the record of tortoise-shell divination in Zhouli is by and large authentic and it is part of the rites of the Zhou Dynasty.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第1期135-147,共13页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
全国高校古籍整理委员会资助项目(205008-F20106)
关键词
周礼
宗庙
祭祀
卜日
the rites of the Zhou Dynasty~ ancestral shrine~ sacrifice~ choosing date by divination
