“整合”一词探源与概说

Exploration of the Origin of the Word Integration and its Definition

"整合"一词作为专有术语最早是由英国学者斯宾塞在1862年首先使用。20世纪初该术语在心理学、哲学、生物学、人类学等领域得到广泛的使用,但在20世纪中叶之前该术语也主要是在上述四个领域使用。20世纪中叶以后,随着以帕森斯等为代表的结构——功能主义学者对该术语的重视和推动,该术语在其他领域也得到了广泛的使用。中文中"整合"一词最早是由日文传入,在改革开放以前中文词汇中就有"整合"一词,但这一词汇只是一个地质学和神经生理学的词汇,我们今天在人文科学上广泛使用的"整合"一词是改革开放后由港台地区传入,目前学术界对它有过种种界定,但这些界定亦有明显的不足。

The word integration as a special term was first used by the Britain scholar Spencer in 1860. By the early of the twenti- eth century it had been widely used in biology, psychology, philosophy and anthropology. But until the middle of the twentieth - century it was only used within the areas. After the middle of the twentieth century, because these scholars, for example Parsons, who advocated the functional structuralism, attached importance to the term,it was widely used in the other areas. The word integration in Chinese came from Japanese. Before China carried out the reform and open policy,the word already existed in Chinese. But it was only a special term of geology. The term integration of the humanities,which it is widely used now,came from Taiwan and Hongkong. Today scholars provide vartous definitions which are obviously not satisfatory.