正交方法研究溶剂法提取葡萄籽油工艺优化

Study on Optimization of Solvent Extraction on Grape Seeds-oil Based on Orthogonal Method

[目的]为葡萄籽油的提取提供依据。[方法]以干燥葡萄籽粉为原料,选择石油醚、乙醚、丙酮、甲醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯为提取剂筛选最佳提取剂。以石油醚为提取剂,采用正交设计,研究了3个因素（提取温度,料液比和提取时间）4个水平对油脂提取率的影响。[结果]石油醚对葡萄籽油的提取率最高,可达20%左右。丙酮浸提效果最差。随着料液比升高,油脂提取率增加,但当料液比大于1∶8时,油脂提取率增加缓慢。随着温度的升高,出油率呈上升趋势,在75～85℃范围内显著增加,在85℃以上变化不大。影响提取率的因素依次为提取时间〉料液比〉提取温度。[结论]葡萄籽油提取的最佳工艺为：石油醚为提取剂,85℃提取3.5 h,料液比为1∶8。85℃范围内显著增加,在85℃以上变化不大。影响提取率的因素依次为提取时间〉料液比〉提取温度。[结论]葡萄籽油提取的最佳工艺为：石油醚为提取剂,85℃提取3.5 h,料液比为1∶8。

[Objective] The aim was to provide the basis for the extraction of grape seed oil.[Method] With drying grape seed powder as the material,the extractant such as petroleum ether,ether,acetone,methanol,chloroform,ethyl acetate was selected to screen out the optimum extractant.With petroleum ether as extraction,the orthogonal design was taken to study the effect of 3 factors（extraction temperature,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time） on the oil extraction rate.[Result] The extraction rate of petroleum ether on grape seed oil was the highest,reaching about 20%,and that of acetone was the worst.With the rising of solid-liquid ratio,the oil extraction rate was increased.However,when the solid-liquid ratio was bigger than 1∶8,the oil extraction rate increased slowly.With the rising of temperature,the oil yielding rate showed an increasing tread,and was increased obviously from 75 to 85 ℃ and changed little at above 85 ℃.The factor influencing oil extraction rate in order was extraction time 〉 solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction temperature.[Conclusion] The optimum process for the extraction of grape seed oil was that petroleum ether was taken as extractant,extracting 3.5 h at 85 ℃ with solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8.