汉魏以来北方鼓吹乐横吹乐及其南传考论

On Guchui Music and Hengchui Music in the North of China in Han-Wei Dynasties and They Pass to the South

鼓吹乐和横吹乐本是汉代军乐。其概念在不同历史时期均有变化,二者之间有着密不可分的联系,其区别不是绝对的。东汉时鼓吹乐和横吹乐均隶属于黄门鼓吹署,后清商曲和杂舞曲从黄门鼓吹署中独立出来,鼓吹成为短箫铙歌和横吹曲的通名。再后来横吹曲又从鼓吹曲中分出,狭义的鼓吹曲便成了短箫铙歌的专称。北方的鼓吹乐和横吹乐,分别在汉代和东晋南渡后就已开始传到南方。虽然鼓吹乐早在汉魏时期就已经用于娱乐,但南传之后直至刘宋之前,主要使用于朝廷礼仪活动中,在娱乐场合非常少见。从宋代起,横吹乐也开始用于朝廷正式礼仪,并与鼓吹乐一起成为日常娱乐的重要节目。随着鼓角横吹曲在粱初南传并被采入梁代乐府,鼓吹乐和横吹乐开始对文人拟乐府创作产生了极为重要的影响。

Both of Guchui and Hengehui music originally were band music in Han dynasty. The conceptions were changed in different historical periods, but they had a close relations, and their differentiate not absolutely. The guchui music and hengchvimusic in the North part of China introduced into the South part seperated in Han Dynasty and Dongjin. Even though guchui music began used for amusement in Han-Wei periods, but it mainly used in the court ritual activites rarely see in the entertainment occasion. The hengchui music began to use for court offical rite in Song Dynasty, and meanwhile, was an important content in the daily distraction with guchui music together. Both of the guchui music and hengchui music had an affect on the literators music creations.