从清修《明史》看明清欧洲观的嬗变

The Evolvement of Idea about Europe During the Ming and Qing Dynasties Reflected in the Ming History Written During the Qing Dynasty

清修《明史》包含相当丰富的欧洲内容。这些内容虽取材于明代史料,但透过明史馆臣对明代欧洲素材的取舍、增补、修订与评赞,可以看出清人对欧洲势力东来亚洲之战略目的有了更为本质的认识,对欧洲文化的态度也更趋理性。但《明史》流露出的西学中源论以及有关欧洲内容的疏漏、错误,又说明清人欧洲观仍然存在严重缺陷。

The Ming History written during the Qing Dynasty includes very rich information about Europe. Although the information about Europe originates from the historical data in the Ming Dynasty＇ s, the compiling and commenting of Ming Dynasty＇s historical data by the historians in the Qing Dynasty reflected that people in the Qing Dynasty had already had profound knowledge of European strategies about Asia, and cognized rationally European cultural. However, the idea that western culture originated in China and the misunderstanding of Europe in the Ming History denoted the severe limitation in Ming people＇s knowledge about Europe.