从条件句悖论看信息流理论的哲学基础

A View of Philosophical Foundations of Information Flow Theory from the Perspective of Conditional Paradoxes

经典逻辑中的一些有效推理规则对自然语言条件句推理的失效导致条件句悖论。情景语义学认为,造成条件句悖论的原因跟条件句所描述制约关系的背景条件有关。信息流理论继承情景语义学使用内涵方法处理内涵问题的传统、使用信息通道的概念在通道等级系统中表征条件句所描述制约关系的背景条件,对造成条件句悖论的原因给出令人信服的合理解释。根据信息流理论对条件句悖论的分析和解释,本文进一步分析阐释信息流理论在本体论和认识论方面的哲学基础。在本体论上,信息流理论认为世界是一个由情景和关系构成的关系网络。在认识论上,信息流推理与认知主体及其知识状态紧密相连。

When applied to conditional reasoning in natural languages, a few valid inference rules in classical logics become invalid and lead to paradoxes. Situation semantics claims that the causes of the conditional paradoxes are related to the background condition of the constraint described by a conditional statement. Following the tradition of situation semantics to deal with intensional objects in intensional methods, information flow theory has information channel as the core concept and represents the background condition of the constraint described by a conditional statement in a channel hierarchy. The explanation about the paradoxes by information flow theory is reasonable and convincing. In accordance with the ex planation, the paper presents a further analysis of philosophical foundations of information flow theory in ontology and epistemology. Ontologically, information flow theory observes that the world is a network of relations formed by situations and relations of various kinds. Epistemologically, information flow reasoning is dependent on cognitive agents and their state of knowledge.