炸药爆炸事故冲击波、热辐射和房屋倒塌的伤害效应

THE INJURY EFFECTS OF BLAST WAVES, THERMAL RADIATION AND THE COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS PRODUCED BY EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSION ACCIDENTS

讨论了冲击波伤害机理，包括直接伤害和位移伤害机理，推导了冲击波肺伤害死亡半径、头部和身体撞击死亡半径及耳鼓膜破裂半径公式；讨论了火球热辐射伤害效应，推导了其伤害半径公式；讨论了房屋倒塌的伤害效应，介绍了其死亡人数的估计方法。还比较了各种伤害半径的相对大小。

In this paper, an injury mechanism of blast wave is discussed and formulae of the radii with respect to lung injury death, head impact death, wholebody impact death and eardrum rupture due to blast waves are derived; moreover,the injury effects of explosion fireballs and the collapse of buildings by blast waves are discussed, formulae of the radii with respect to the thermal radiation due to fireballs are derived. Finally, a method for estimating the death number caused by the collapse of buildings is presented and the comparative importances of these kinds of injury effects are discussed.