旨趣和方法的异同:论钱大昕与王鸣盛的地理考辨

The Similarities and Differences in Geographical Investigation between Qian Daxin and Wang Mingsheng

乾嘉学者钱大昕与王鸣盛治学以考据见长,二者在历史地理领域的研究各有特点。钱大昕擅长运用缜密的考辨方法,致力于建置沿革的考证纠谬,成果丰硕。王鸣盛则重视地理考察,贯通古今史事,辨析形势险要,探究地理条件与历代兴亡、战争胜负的关系;同时又以《禹贡》为中心,将儒家经典中的重要篇章纳入地理考辨的范围,反映其学术研究的丰富性和多样性。钱大昕与王鸣盛的考证成果及历史分析对近现代历史地理研究具有重要的参考价值,其细密考证与归纳、概括的综合分析也具有方法论上的借鉴意义。

Qian Daxin（钱大昕） and Wang Mingsheng（王鸣盛）, Qianjia School scholars, were famous for textual research. They had respectively their own characters in the field of historical geography. Qian did well in correcting errors in the evolution of institutions by using textual methods. Wang placed his emphasis on investigating geography, and discussing how geographical conditions influenced the rise and decline of a dynasty, and victory or fall of wars. Furthermore, Wang brought some important writings of Classical Confucian texts such as Yugong into his geographical textual research. In regard to modern research in historical geography their achievement in textual research and historical analysis are important references. At the same time their methods in textual research, induction, and generalization also have the use for reference.