语言测试负面反拨效应的根源

An Exploration into Reasons of Negative Washback of Language Test

语言测试对受试者、测试使用者乃至整个社会都有直接或间接的影响。我国外语测试已引起不容忽视的负面反拨效应,对外语教学和人才成长造成消极影响。负面反拨效应产生于两个方面:试题的设计和测试的使用,其源在于测试内容与教学目标的不一致。负面反拨效应影响到教师对教学内容、教学方法的选择及教师对学生的态度,也影响到学生的学习目的、学习内容、课外读物的选择等方面。

Language test exercises influences on testees, users of test and even the society directly or indirectly. The negative washback effects of foreign language test in China have affected the teaching of foreign language and the progress of learners negatively and have been increasing much interest in the field of study. Negative washback results in design and utilization of the test which can be traced back to the discrepancy between test contents and teaching and learning goals. Not only the choice of teaching contents and approach and teachers＇attitude toward students, but also the learning aims, learning subjects and the choice of extra - curriculum reading materials have been largely affected by the negative washback of language test.