功能标记的开发、特点和应用研究进展

Development progress,characteristics and application of functional marker

【目的】从基于分子标记研究所遭遇的困境入手,总结标记开发的最新进展,为未来DNA分子标记的开发提供新的研究思路。【方法】结合作者的研究经历,综合分析相关文献资料,从功能标记的开发手段、特点及应用前景等方面进行了阐述。【结果】与早期从基因组中随机DNA序列开发出来的匿名性DNA标记相比,从控制生物表型的序列或序列模体,开发可检测功能基因多态性的DNA标记(称为功能标记),具有多方面的优点,使其成为标记开发的新阶段。分子生物学的快速发展、特别是功能基因组学的发展和研究结果,为功能性DNA标记(功能标记)的开发提供了坚实的基础;功能标记因其独特的优点而具有广阔的应用前景。【结论】根据影响表型的等位基因序列差异开发简便低廉的功能标记,是DNA标记开发的新方向和重点,也将为基因资源的挖掘和研究、有利基因的跟踪、标记辅助选择、分子设计育种等提供高效的工具。

[Objective] The purpose of the article was to sum up the limitations derived from past DNA markers and latest advances of markers development, so as to facilitate the future development and application of desirable DNA markers. [Method] The research method was based on the authors research experience and overall analysis of the related documents. [Rusult] Compared with DNA markers previously derived from random region of genome （termed anonymous DNA markers,RDM） ,the latest markers are derived from sequence motifs affecting phenotypic variation and facilitate detecting polymorphism of functional genes controlling phenotype （termed functional markers, FMs）. FMs are characterized with many advantages, symbolizing a new stage in the development of DNA markers. With the rapid development of molecular biology, especially the development and production of functional genomics, sufficient foundation and cheerful prospects have been provided for the development of FMs. Due to merits of FMs,the research activity involving the development and use of FMs will certainly gain momentum in the future. [Conclusion] Based on the sequences of different allele on the same locus affecting agronomic and/or economic traits,the development of FMs （characterized with simplicity and cheapness） will predominate in all kinds of DNA marker systems ,and will provide efficient tools for discovering desirable allele resources, for detection and pyramiding desirable alleles,and for ＂Molecular Aid Selection （MAS）＂ and ＂Molecular Design Breeding （MDB）＂.