1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑的合成及表征

Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole

以咪唑为原料,经硝化、热重排、甲基化等五步反应合成1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(MTNI),总收率15.6%,纯度大于98%。用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析等方法表征了其结构,采用DSC实验测试了MTNI的热分解性能。结果表明,MTNI的爆轰性能接近RDX,优于TATB;撞击感度接近B炸药,摩擦感度与TNT相当,是一种新型不敏感单质炸药。MTNI的放热分解分3个阶段,分别发生在177、223和298℃,分解热分别为327.67、11.2和54.84kJ/mol。

1-Methyl-2,4,5 trinitroimidazole （MTNI） was synthesized with imidazole as starting material via a 5- step sequence of reactions （nitration, thermal rearrangement, met hylation, etc）. The total yield is 15.6 %, and its purity is more than 98%. The structure of MTNI was characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses. The thermal decomposition performance of MTNI was tested by DSC. The results show that the detonation performances were comparable to those of RDX, and better than TATB. MTNI is a new insensitive high explosive with its friction sensitivity similar with TNT and impact sensitivity similar With comp B. The exothermie decomposition of MTNI proceeds in three stages. The corresponding peak temperature are 177, 223 and 298℃ ,and decomposition heat 327.67,11.2 and 54.84 kJ/mol,respectively.