满语方位词derɡi、warɡi词源考证

Textual Research on the Origin of Manchu Direction Words Dergi and wargi

满语方位词derɡi、warɡi的构词及语义均有自己的特点。从结构上看,derɡi和warɡi分别由de-+-rɡi、wa-+-rɡi而构成,其词缀-rɡi由满语独立词erɡi"方、边"演变而来,词干de-、wa-为非独立词干,有较强的构词能力。从语义上看,derɡi表示"上、东,"warɡi表示"下、西",其语义形成与古代满—通古斯人把太阳升起的一方作为"东",太阳落下的一方为"西"的习惯存在密切的关系。

The formation and meaning of Manchu direction words dergi and wargi all have their own characteristics. In view of construction, dergi and wargi are separately made by forms of de- ＋ -rgi and wa- ＋ -rgi, the suffix-rgi develops from the Manchu independent word ergi with meaning of side or direction, and the de- and wa- are non-independent stems which have powerful word-forming function. In view of semantics, dergi expresses the meaning of up and east, and wargi denotes the meaning of down and west, which connect closely with the habit that the ancient Manchu-Tungusie people took the sunrise direction as east, and the sundown as west.