耐大气污染树种表观划分——以珠三角地区为例

Classification of morphological characteristics of air-pollution resistant tree species——Pearl River Delta as a case study

对30种树种在典型大气污染区、重度污染区和清洁区3类不同环境下的叶面积、株高、基径、冠幅等表观指标进行测定分析,结果表明:绝大部分植株生长表观指标均受到大气污染物的影响,对大气污染物敏感性顺序为冠幅>株高>基径>叶面积。植物对大气污染的耐受性有一个阈值。而且得到综合生长比值的计算公式GRC=0.46×RCA+0.37×RH+0.17×RBD。根据此比值和冠幅生长量增减比值,作为划分树种耐受性等级的基准数据,结合植物在典型大气污染区中的生长形态表观(叶、枝、梢、花、果的长势和受害状况)确定了植物对大气污染耐受性等级划分的方法。

Morphological characteristics of leaf area, tree height, basal diameter and crown width were used as indicators to classify 30 tree species grown in 3 different environments respectively with typical air pollution, severe pollution and no pollution. Results indicated that the morphological characteristics of most trees were affected by air pollution with susceptibility ranking as crown width 〉 tree height 〉 basal diameter 〉 leaf area. A threshold level was found for the tolerance to air pollution. An equation for integrated growth value was developed as GRC=0.46×RCA ＋0.37×RH＋0.17× RBD. The integrated growth value and the increment of crown width were then used as the baseline data for tolerance classification. The baseline data were used in combination with the performances of morphological characteristics of trees （the vigor and damages of leaves, branches, shoots, flowers and fruits） to determine the tolerance classes of trees to air pollution.