钻井井场噪声暴露对豚鼠耳蜗的影响

Effects of Exposure to Noise in Oil Drilling Well Sites on Cochlea in Guinea Pigs

目的预防钻井井场噪声所致的听力损伤。方法对油田钻井井场的特定部位进行声强测定及频谱分析，采用隔音、减震和改变钻井平台布局等措施，观察钻井井场噪声暴露对豚鼠听器的影响。对暴露后的豚鼠进行耳蜗电图及扫描电镜观察。结果耳蜗电图ＡＰＮ１潜伏期无明显差别。隔音房组和移动组阈值与柴油机旁组相比，差异有非常显著性，钻井平台组和与钻井平台垂直组差异无显著性。柴油机旁组与钻井平台组扫描电镜下毛细胞损伤较重，表现为外毛细胞静纤毛倾倒、脱落，以第二、第三排为著，内毛细胞部分脱落；隔音房组与移动组基本正常；与钻井平台垂直组仅见第三排毛细胞倒伏。结论动物实验证明，该措施是行之有效的，建议进一步推广应用。

Objective To prevent from hearing damage caused by noise in the sites with drilling wells. Methods Intensity and spectrum of the noise produced in the sites with drilling wells were measured and analyzed. Measures, such as sound insulation, vibration damping and changing layouts of the drilling platform, were adopted, and electrocochleography (ECochG) and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the effects of noise in the sites where drilling wells located on the hearing organs in guinea pigs after exposure. Results There was no significant difference in APN 1 latency of ECochG before and after exposure to noise. There were significant difference in hearing threshold values between the groups in a room with sound isolation, in moving status and beside the diesel engine, and no significant difference in those between the groups placed one meter horizontally and vertically away from the diesel engine on the drilling platform. Damage to hairy cell under scanning electron microscope was more severe in the guinea pigs placed beside the diesel engine and at the drilling well platform, with inclination and exfoliation of static pili of outer hairy cells, especially in the second and third lines, and part exfoliation of inner hairy cells. Hairy cells of the guinea pigs in a room with sound insulation and in moving status were basically normal. Inclination of hairy cells only could be seen in the third line. Conclusion Animal experiments indicated that the measures mentioned above are effective and should be applied widely for preventing from hearing damage.