青藏铁路列车乘务人员体力劳动强度分级的研究

Study on Physical Labor Intensity Grading for Train's Crew in Qinghai-Tibet Railway Train

目的探索在高原低气压低氧环境中列车乘务人员体力劳动强度状况,为制订合理用工制度、劳动定额及福利待遇,保障铁路行车人员身体健康和行车安全提供科学依据。方法选择北京—拉萨T27/28次(三组)特快列车乘务工务岗位的餐车厨师、餐车服务员、列车员和检车员4个工种在西宁—拉萨运行期间的体力劳动强度进行测量。结果青藏铁路列车乘务岗位体力劳动强度均在Ⅳ级以上,其劳动特点为能量代谢率高、持续作业时间长,属能量消耗大的重体力劳动。建议高原旅客列车乘务工务岗位劳动强度级别必须控制在Ⅳ级以内,女职工不应超过Ⅲ级;进行高海拔大跨度运营作业前,必须进行适应性训练;必须建立青藏铁路职工健康监护体系,监察高原病及其他职业病发生变化趋势,及时采取有效控制措施,保障工人身体健康。

Objective： To explore the physical labor intensity condition of train＇ s crew in the plateau with low pressure and oxygen deficiency enviroment, and to provide scientific evidences for making reasonable employing labor system, the work norm and the welfare treatment, and for safeguarding the railroad driving personnel＇s health and the traffic safety. Method： To measure the physical labor intensity in four kinds of service post including the dinning car chef, dinning car service person, train＇ crew and train examiner during Xining-Lasa movement period in the quick train from Beijing to Lasa T27/28 （the third group）. Resuts： It is found that the physical labor intensity of train＇s crew is above grade Ⅳ in the Qinghai-Tihet railway train. Its work characteristic is high energy metabolism and long operation time. Therefore, it belongs to big heavy physical labor. Suggestions： The plateau passenger trian must control its crew post labor intensity below grade 1V while those of the working woman do not surpass grade Ⅲ Before carrying out the great span operation work, they must make the adaptability training. At the same time we must establish the Qinghai-Tibet railway staff healthy guardianship system, supervise plateau sickness and other occupational diseases tendency so as to take the active control measures promptly and safeguard the worker＇ s health.