基于MHC-DRB3.2基因的部分牛种遗传多样性比较及分子系统发育分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny Based on MHC-DRB3.2 Gene of Partial Cattle

本研究比较了秦川牛、鲁西牛、南阳牛等国内9个品种牛DRB3．2基因的遗传多样性，采用SAS软件对这些牛种分子系统发育情况进行了分析，结果表明：等位基因HaeⅢA和HaeⅢB为9个牛种共有，其它部分等位基因为某个牛种特有；除了晋南牛是以HaeⅢF为优势等位基因外，其余8个牛种都是以HaeⅢA为优势等位基因。分析的9个牛种的多态信息含量（0.321～0.627）和杂合度（0.339～0.686）都较高，但有效等位基因数（1．512～3．188）较少。秦川牛、鲁西牛、南阳牛和晋南牛血缘关系相对较近，而蒙古牛、云南高峰牛、中国荷斯坦奶牛及英国娟珊牛血缘关系相对较近。研究的9个牛种群体内基因型一致性较低、遗传变异较大、遗传多样性较丰富。

Objective Analysis the genetic diversity and evolution of some species of cattle, in order to the supply a scientific and reasonable data for preserving, maintaining, sustainable using and assessing those resources. Methods Compare with allele of DRB3.2 gene digested with HaeⅢ in 9 cattle breeds, the molecular phylogeny were analyzed by SAS. Results Allele HaeⅢ A and HaeⅢ B is altogether has, other part of allele for some cow unique; except the Jinnan cattle is by HaeⅢ F is outside the superiority allele, other 8 cattle is by HaeⅢ A is the superiority allele; polymorphism information content and the heterozygosity were high, but effective allele number few; the Qinchuan cattle, the Luxi cattle, the Nanyang cattle and the Jinnan cattle blood relationship is near, but the Mongolian, the Yunnan humped cattle, the China Holstein cows and the Jersey cows blood relationship is near. Conclusion There is low coherence, high genetic variation and diversity in the nine species of cattle. It is possible that DRB3.2 gene as genetic marker for organic evolution and phylogeny analysis.