青少年社会适应的聚类分析

Classification of Social Adjustment for Adolescents

目的:探讨青少年社会适应状况的分类模型。方法:以北京和西安的718名中学生为被试,采用聚类分析技术对青少年的社会适应状况进行分类。结果:以自尊、人际关系能力、孤独感、问题行为作为社会适应的指标,可将青少年社会适应状况分为三种类型。其中,和谐型的青少年占45.0%,主要表现为高自尊、高人际关系能力、低孤独感、少问题行为;低人际-高孤独型占30.5%,表现为低人际关系能力、高孤独感;低自尊型占24.5%,主要特点为低自尊、多问题行为。结论:青少年的社会适应可分为三种类型:和谐型、低人际-高孤独型、低自尊型。

Objective： The research here is to study the categories of adolescents’ social adjustment. Methods： 718 students were selected from Beijing and Xi’an, and K-means cluster, was used to study the categories of adolescents’ social adjustment. Results： According to four internal indicators of social adjustment （self-esteem, interpersonal competence, loneliness, and problem behavior）, adolescents could be classified into three kinds. 45.0% of adolescents belong to harmonious adjustment, with high scores in self-esteem, interpersonal competence, and low scores in loneliness and problem behavior; 30.5% of adolescents belong to low interpersonal relationship-high loneliness, characterized by low interpersonal competence and high loneliness; 24.5% of adolescents were low self-esteem, with low scores in self-esteem and high scores in problem behavior. Conclusion： Adolescents could be classified into three kinds. They are harmonious adjustment, low interpersonal relationship-high loneliness, and low self-esteem.