练习对不同智力水平儿童信息加工速度的影响

Effect of Practice on Information Processing Speed in 7-Years-Old Children of Different Intellectual Levels

目的:探讨练习对7岁儿童信息加工速度的影响,以及不同智力水平的儿童的练习效应。方法:随机选取某普通小学一年级的学生90名。按被试的智力水平和性别分布,将其分为控制组和练习组,然后对其进行五个月的信息加工速度任务的干预练习。通过前、后测考察练习对不同智力水平儿童信息加工速度的影响。结果:练习对儿童信息加工速度的促进作用显著[F(77,1)=4.11,P<0.01]。智力水平和组别[F(77,1)=4.91,P<0.05]的交互作用显著。简单效应检验发现,智力较高水平儿童的作业成绩在练习组和控制组间差异显著,而且在任务的两个难度水平上表现均一致(二维匹配:F(44,1)=19.70,P<0.01,三维匹配:F(44,1)=12.97,P<0.01);而智力较低儿童的作业成绩在组间差异不显著。结论:教育训练对儿童的信息加工速度发展有明显的促进作用。但对于不同智力水平的儿童而言,同种教育训练或干预方法,他们从其中所受的获益不同。

Objective： To explore the impact of practice on information processing speed of 7-years-old children and the practice effect of children of different intellectual level. Methods： 90 first grade primary school students were selected randomly. According to their intellectual level and gender, these participants were divided into group of control and group of practice, and given intervention practice task of information processing speed for 5 months. The pre-test and post-test impact of practice on the information processing speed of children of different intellectual levels were examined. Results： The impact of practice on children’s information processing speed was obvious [F （77,1）=4.11,P〈0.01]. The interaction effect of intellectual level and groups [F（77,1）=4.91,P〈0.05] was significant. The results of simple effect test were that the promotion of practice on the information processing speed of children of different intellectual level was different. The difference of highly intellectual children’s task performance in pre-test and post-test was significant, showing the same performance in two different levels of tasks （2-dimentional match： F（44,1）=19.70,P〈0.01,3-dimentional match：F（44,1） =12.97,P〈0.01）. The group difference of low intellectual children was not significant. Conclusion： Educational training can obviously promote children’s information processing speed. While different intellectual children can benefit differently from the same educational training or intervention methods.