近海水域病原菌多样性研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESSES ON COASTAL WATERS PATHOGEN DIVERSITY

水产动物病原菌广泛分布于近海,不但影响海水养殖业的发展、海产品的质量安全,甚至还威胁到人类公众健康,因此,开展近海水域病原菌多样性的研究,对于海水养殖业的可持续发展及人类健康都具有重要意义。文章综述了近海水域水产动物病原菌多样性研究主要方法的原理、特点以及局限性,介绍了16S rRNA序列分析、分子杂交、指纹图谱等分子生物学技术,阐述了实时荧光定量PCR、竞争定量PCR等定量研究技术的应用,展望了病原菌多样性研究的发展趋势是原位、快速、高通量、灵敏、多技术联合和准确定量。

Aquatic animal pathogens distribute widely in coastal water.They harm not only the aquaculture industry,but also the seafood safety,and even threat to public health.Therefore,the research of the diversity of pathogens in coastal water is of vital importance for sustainable development of marine aquaculture industry and public health.In this paper the principle,characteristics and limitations of the main research methods of the coastal pathogen diversity are reviewed,many molecular biology techniques such as the 16S rRNA sequences analysis,molecular hybridization,molecular fingerprints in pathogen qualitative research and the application of pathogen quantitative study such as real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and competitive quantitative PCR are introduced.The prospects of the development of analytical technology of pathogen diversity is in situ,rapidity,high-throughput,sensitivity,multi-technology and precise quantification.