分子印迹技术在分析化学中的应用进展

Application and progress of molecularly imprinted technique in analytical chemistry

分子印迹技术具有专一性和高选择性的特点,其技术关键是功能单体和模板分子的筛选、聚合及模板分子的洗脱。分子印迹聚合物的制备方法主要有:包埋法、亲和印迹法、冷冻干燥法、表面印迹法等。在分析化学中分子印迹技术广泛用于色谱分析、环境痕量分析、膜分离、手性物质拆分,也可用于分离/富集金属离子、样品前处理、传感器、中药有效成分筛选等。从分子水平上认识分子印迹和识别的机理,探索新的合成方法,实现分子印迹技术从有机相向水相过渡、从非极性溶剂环境转向极性溶剂环境,不断扩展新的应用领域是该技术今后的研究方向。

Molecular imprinted technique has the characteristics of specificity and high selectivity. Its key is the screening of functional monomer and template molecule, polymerization and the elution of template molecule. The preparation methods of molecular imprinted polymers include embedding method, affinity imprinting method, freeze-drying method and surface imprinted method. Molecular imprinting technique is widely applied to analytical chemistry such as chromatographic analysis, environmental trace analysis, membrane separation, chiral separation, and the separation/ enrichment of metal ions, sample pretreatment, sensor and the screening of effective components in chinese drugs. The research direction for molecular imprinted technique in future includes understanding the mechanism of molecular imprinting and identification from molecular level, exploring new synthetic method, realizing the transfer of molecular imprinting technique from organic phase to water phase, from nonpolar solvent environment to polar solvent environment and extending its application field.