居室装修油漆作业场所环境污染及其对作业人员健康影响调查

Investigation on the Pollution and Health Condition of Painters for Interior Decoration

[目的]了解居室装修装饰油漆工序室内环境污染状况及其对作业人员健康的影响。[方法]2006年8月至2007年7月,对微山县城区居民小区的46户居室与正在油漆作业的136人进行调查。[结果]检测室内186个点,甲醛超标的占89.78%;检测157个点,苯的超标率为74.52%,甲苯的超标率为39.49%,二甲苯的超标率为19.75%。作业组测定141个点,未作业组测定103个点,气温、相对湿度、风速、噪声,作业组与未作业组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);照度、细菌总数作业组高于未作业组(P<0.01);细菌总数超标率作业组为20.6%,未作业组为4.85%(P<0.01)。调查136名油漆作业人员,作业后疲劳罹患率为91.2%,中枢神经系统急性反应罹患率为14.0%,眼部反应罹患率为96.3%,呼吸系统反应罹患率为45.6%,皮肤过敏性反应罹患率为52.2%。[结论]装修装饰油漆作业场所污染较为严重,相当部分作业人员罹患相关症状体征。

[Objective]To understand the situation of air pollution and explore the effect of air pollution on the workers＇ health by detecting the working atmosphere of painters for interior decoration.[Methods]46 Random samples which were decorated were selected in WeiShan Country from August 2006 to July 2007,and spot investigation and physical examination were carried for 136 workers.[Results]The results showed that there was a high concentration in formaldehyde with a over-standard rate of 89.78% in 186 samples.and benzene,toluene,dimethylbenzene was 74.5%,39.49% and 19.75% respectively in 157 samples.There was no significant difference（P〉0.05）in air temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and noise between the investigated group and the controlled group in 141 and 103 samples respectively.It was showed that illumination and total amount of bacterial of the investigated group was higher than that of the controlled group（P〈0.01）,with a over-standard rate of 20.6%,4.85% respectively（P〈0.01）.After physical examination for 136 workers,we found that the rate of the tiredness,acute response of central nervous system,eye response,respiratory system response,skin irritation was 91.2%,14.0%,96.3%,45.6% and 52.2% respectively.[Conclusion]The pollution of the working atmosphere of painters for interior decoration was very serious,and many workers had the correlative symptom.