2007年淮安市楚州区部分农村留守妇女心理压力状况调查

Investigation on Mental Pressure Status among Left-behind Women in Rural Area in Chuzhou District of Huaian City in 2007

[目的]了解农村留守妇女的心理压力状况,探索最佳的心理健康教育传播方式,增进留守妇女的身心健康。[方法]2007年8月,在淮安市楚州区抽取部分农村留守妇女进行问卷调查。[结果]调查2 066人,认为有心理压力的1 649人,占79.82%。有心理压力的所占比例,20～29岁的为56.06%,30～39岁的为85.61%,40～50岁的为81.19%（P〈0.01）;文化程度高中（中专）的为30.38%,初中的为77.76%,小学、文盲为86.31%（P〈0.01）;有宗教信仰的为75.45%,无宗教信仰的为80.20%（P〉0.05）;生育1个孩子的为80.11%,生育2个及以上孩子的为97.01%,未生育过的为17.86%（P〈0.01）。有心理压力的1 649人中,心理压力来源于家庭压力的占70.41%,来源于情感困惑的占58.64%,来源于社会压力的占43.36%,来源于情感焦虑的占28.44%;希望舒散心理压力的方式是走亲访友、亲人团聚的占51.43%,与邻居聊天使心情暂时放松的占26.80%;认为最有利于心理压力的疏导方式是向亲朋倾诉的占54.52%,户外活动的占24.01%,听健康知识讲座的占12.19%。[结论]农村留守妇女多数存在心理压力,主要来源于家庭压力,希望得到多方面的帮助以舒散心理压力。

[Objective]To obtain the status of mental pressure of left-behind women in rural area,explore the best way of mental health education and dissemination in order to promote their physical and mental health.[Methods]Questionnaire was conducted for some left-behind women in rural area of Chuzhou District,Huaian City in August,2007.[Results]2 066 women were investigated,79.82% of them（1 649 women） thought they had mental pressure.56.06% of the women aged between 20-29 years,85.61% aged between 30-39 years and 81.19% aged 40-50 years had mental pressure（P〈0.01）;30.38% of the women with high school education,77.76% with junior middle school education,86.31% under junior middle school education had mental pressure（P〈0.01）.75.45% of the women who had religious beliefs,80.20% of the women who had no religious belief had mental pressure（P〉0.05）;80.11% of the women who gave birth to one child,97.01% who gave birth to more than two children,17.86% who have no child had mental pressure（P〈0.01）.Among the 1 649 women with mental pressure,70.41% were derived from family,58.64% were derived from emotion obsession,43.36% were derived from the society,28.44% were derived from anxiety.51.43% women hoped to visit friends or family members to relax their pressure,26.80% women hoped to chat with neighbors for relaxation.54.52% of the women thought the best way to relax was pouring out to their relatives and friends while 24.01% thought was outdoor activity and 12.19% thought was attending to the health knowledge course.[Conclusion]Most of the left-behind women in rural have mental pressure,the pressure is chiefly derived from the family pressure,and they hope to get various help to relax it.