人工饲养朱鹮放飞前的野化训练

Acclimation of Captive Crested Ibis before Release to the Natural Habitat

2004-2005年,在陕西省洋县华阳镇首次对饲养朱鹮放飞前的野化训练进行了研究。在释放地建造一个封闭的大网笼作为野化场所,其中包含野生朱鹮生活的各种栖息环境。2年中各有12只朱鹮在网笼中进行野化训练。研究个体在释放到网笼之初有不同程度的惊吓飞撞反应,当天不能上树夜宿,亦不能进入水田觅食。野化过程中,朱鹮能较快适应网笼内的各种夜宿、觅食环境,并具有良好的飞行、警戒能力。野化前后期相比,朱鹮对水田和沼泽的选择比例以及日间行为节律有显著变化。亲鸟饲养幼鸟、模拟亲鸟饲养幼鸟和人工饲养成鸟对不同觅食地的选择性没有显著差异,但成鸟更容易接受深水环境,而幼鸟能更早上树夜宿。恰当的佩戴无线电发射器和减少人为干扰是野化过程中必须注意的问题。

Abstract ： The acclimation of captive Crested Ibises was conducted in a reintroduction experiment station in Yangxian County of Shaanxi Province during July and October of 2004 and 2005 before the birds were released to the natural habitat. A big cage was built in the release site for the acclimation, and in the cage there were feed and roost habitats for wild ibis. The birds displayed fear, and couldn＇t roost in trees and feed in the rice field on the first day after they were transferred into the cage. In the acclimation process, the ibises could gradually adapt to roosting and foraging habitats, and improve flight and alert abilities. The ibises exhibited significant difference in selecting rice field or marsh for feeding, and different rhythm of diurnal behaviors between early and late period of the acclimation. Parent-rearing juveniles, puppet-rearing juveniles, and captive adults exhibited no significant difference in selecting feeding habitats. However, adults showed better adaptation to rice field while young birds shifted more smoothly from perch to tree roost sites. Moreover, it was also important to properly mount transmitter and reduce disturbance for the successfull acclimation of Creasted Ibis.