宜昌商会与辛亥革命在宜昌的“有序失败”

Yi Chang Chamber of Commerce and the "Orderly Failure" of Yi Chang 1911 Revolution

在辛亥革命高潮时期曾给予了宜昌光复革命以极大支持的宜昌商会,在辛亥革命走向低潮过程中,逐渐转变为反对革命,进而通过其社团组织力量及潜在的社会影响力,促使宜昌商人有序脱离革命队伍,辅助袁世凯政权权威在宜昌地方有序链接,赞助宜昌军政当局有序防范"二次革命"。在这一过程中,袁世凯政权统治权威平稳有序地植入了宜昌地方社会,辛亥宜昌光复革命也平稳有序地步入了通向失败的轨道。在民初政治变局中,宜昌商会政治向背变化的轨迹及其所产生的社会政治效能,透露出宜昌商人对社会稳定与工商实业发展的渴望及对"强有力"政府的需求,也反映出宜昌商会作为"民间权势集团"对政治集团行政权威在地方社会建立和存续的一定约束、干预能力。

In the course of the 1911 Revolution going into a low ebb,Yichang Chamber of Commerce which had given great support to the revolution in Yichang in the course of the 1911 Revolution going to climax,with its organization strength,promoted Yichang merchants to leave the revolution camp in a orderly style,assisted Yuan Shikai regime authority to link to Yichang local society in a orderly style,and sponsored Yichang military and political authorities to prevent 'the second revolution' in a orderly style.In this process,Yuan Shikai regime ruling authority planted into Yichang local society in a smooth and orderly style,and Yichang 1911 Revolution stepped to the failure path in a smooth and orderly style.The political acting direction's track of Yichang Chamber of Commerce and its social political effects when the 1911 Revolution was going into a low ebb,showed Yichang merchants' desires to social stability and their needs to 'strong government',also reflected that non-governmental organizations as 'folk power group' have certain restraining or intervening capacity to political organizations to build and keep thier administrative authority at local society.