供款型+非供款型:扩大我国农村养老金制度覆盖面的政策选择

Contributory and Non-contributory Pension Plans:the Policy Choice for Enlarging the Coverage of China’s Rural Pension System

目前,我国养老金制度的主要覆盖面缺口在农村地区。本文使用覆盖面这个指标对我国当前的农村社会养老保险制度进行了评估。评估结果显示,该制度只覆盖了4.6%的农村60岁以上老年人口,只有10%的农村就业人口参加了农村社会养老保险制度。我国农村社会养老保险制度20余年的政策试验表明,该制度只能是用于部分经济适宜地区的局部制度,而无法实现我国政府提出的全面覆盖目标。六个约束条件表明,全面覆盖的农村养老金制度必须包括非供款型的养老金计划。根据我国的政策实践和发展中国家的经验,文中提出了扩大我国农村养老金制度覆盖面的四个可选政策方案。

Achieving social security system’s universal coverage in 2020 is one of the targets of 'Xiao-kang Society.' Currently, the main coverage gap exists in the rural areas. This article assesses China’s rural social old age insurance plan by the indicator of coverage rate. The results suggest that this plan just covers 4.6% of the rural residents aged 60 or over and 10% of rural workers. The policy results of Rural Social Old Age Insurance Plan implies that this model is just appropriate in some affluent areas, while never a feasible way to achieve universal coverage as proclaimed by Chinese government. As demonstrated by six constraining conditions, the universal rural public pension system must include a part of non-contributory pension plan. Based on the current policy and experience from other developing countries, this article proposes fours policy suggestions for China’s rural public pension system.