国内外工业用水状况比较分析

A comparative analysis on present status of industrial water use at home and abroad

20世纪中期世界总用水量迅速增长,到20世纪后期世界先进国家意识到水资源短缺的现实,通过各种方式达到工业用水零增长。在此期间中国工业用水也经历了快速增长、低速稳定增长阶段。由于对经济发展和用水需求的客观规律认识不清楚,在先前许多水资源规划中,一些地区工业需水预测值出现与实际用水不符的现象。为了更科学地进行我国的工业需水预测研究,本文对世界几个发达国家以及我国的工业用水变化情况进行研究,总结用水变化的原因,提出我国在工业需水预测方面存在的问题,为水资源规划和供水工程建设提供依据。

Since 1950＇ s, the total water uses in the world have rapidly increased, and then the developed countries have realized the serious situation of the water resource shortage in the late 20th century and made their efforts to control the increase of the water use with the target of ＂zero increase＂ through all kinds of methods concerned. At the same time, the stage of the increase of industrial water used was also experienced from fast increase to steady increase with lower speed in China. Because of lacking a clear understanding of the objective law of the relationship between economic development and water demand, the unconformity between the prediction of industrial water demand and the actual water use was often presented in the water resource planning of some regions in China. For the more scientific study on forecasting industrial water demand, the present and variable status of the water use at home and abroad are studied herein, in which the variations of the water uses are summarized and the existed problems in the aspect of forecasting the industrial water demand are presented, and then, a basis is made for both the water resources planning and the construction of the water supply project as well.