城乡收入不平等及其动态演化模型构建——中国城乡收入差距变化的理论机制

A Model of Income Inequality between Urban and Rural Areas and Its Dynamic Evolution——Theoretic Mechanism of Income Gap Change in Urban and Rural Areas of China

文章借鉴贝克尔的"家庭收入不平等及世代之间的变动性"理论,构造了一个城乡收入不平等及其动态演化模型,从要素投入的角度,将物质资本、人力资本和政府投入作为基本变量来分析我国城乡收入差距产生及其动态演变的理论机制。研究结果表明:转变传统城乡不平衡发展战略,政府加大对农村的人力资本投资,并辅之以必要的农村基础设施和软环境建设,将会显著提高当期的农村人均收入,并通过逐期传递,增加以后各期的农民收入,从而可以有效缩小我国的城乡收入差距。

On the basis of Becker＇s theory about income inequality and its changes among generations, this paper designs a theoretic model of urban -rural income inequality and its dynamic evolution. From the angle of input factors, it takes material capital, human capital and government investment as fundamental variables and analyzes the theoretic mechanism of the generation and dynamic evolution of income gap. According to the model, some conclusions have been drawn. Some measurements, such as changing the development strategy from urban-rural imbalance to balance, making more investment of human capital in rural areas and improving rural infrastructure and soft environment construction, could be taken to significantly raise percapita income of rural residents at the current period. And due to the effect passed through periods, the income gap between urban and rural areas would be shortened by increasing the income of rural residents at the later periods.