改革开放30年来中国的城市化与城镇发展

THE URBANIZATION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AFTER THE REFORM AND OPENING-UP

改革开放30年是我国城市化发展与城市建设取得巨大成就的30年,30年来我国城市化水平不断提高,年均提升0.93个百分点,现已稳步迈入城市化加速发展时期,城市化发展速度比世界平均水平快2.14%,但城市化水平仍比世界平均水平低8.40%,花了近半个世纪进入城市化加速成长的中期阶段,约25年后进入城市化发展的成熟期。城市化发展道路的数度调整有力地推动着我国城镇化朝着健康方向发展,初步形成了产业分工合理、空间竞争有序、市场运行高效的城镇体系,城镇体系的合理化使城市群成为国家参与全球竞争与分工的基本地域单元,成为国家综合配套改革试验的先行阵地,主宰着我国经济发展的命脉。城市化研究的理论水平不断提高,相关研究机构与人才不断涌现。在取得巨大成就的同时,我国城市化进程中也不可避免的暴露出一系列亟待解决的现实问题,这些问题能否在新一轮发展中得以解决,直接影响着我国城市化发展的未来和美好前景。未来我国城市化道路的选择,将立足我国资源环境承载能力,以不断提高城市化发展质量为核心内容,形成由城市群和大、中、小城市、小城镇及城乡协调发展的健康城市化格局,形成资源节约、环境友好、经济高效、社会和谐的城市化健康发展新格局,走资源节约与环境友好的健康城市化道路。

China＇s urbanization process and urban construction have taken a notable achievement in the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up. Firstly, China＇s urbanization has steady entered the stage of acceleration, experiencing a high speed growth that urbanization level increases 0.93 point per year since 1978. Although China＇s urbanization level is 8.40 percent lower than the world average＇s, urbanization rate of China is 2.14 percent higher than that of the world average. On taking about half a century to achieve the medium stage of urbanization, China＇s urbanization is expected to go into the mature stage of urbanization 25 years later. Secondly, several times of adjustment on the path of China＇s urbanization has provided a strong impetus to China＇ s urbanization in a healthy direction, as well as form an urban system with reasonable industrial division of labor, orderly spatial competition and efficient market operation. The rational urban system prompts China＇s urban agglomerations into the basic geographic unit to participate in a national competition in the global labor division, the first position of country＇s comprehensive reform and the domination of China＇s economic development. Thirdly, theoretical study on urbanization has improved continuously, along with the merging of relevant research institutions and talents. Nevertheless, a series of urgent problems, which will have a direct impact on China＇ s urbanization development and better prospects for the future, come forth inevitably in China＇ s urbanization process. Based on resources and environment capacity, a path of and environment-friendly healthy urbanization should be taken for China＇s future urbanization development, emphasizing on promoting the quality of urbanization. Furthermore, China＇s future urbanization development should go in for a structure of healthy urbarn^ization, with the coordinated development of urban agglomerations, big, medium and small cities, small towns, urban and rural areas, as well as the comprehensive development of resource-conserving, environment-friendly, economic-effective and social-harmony.