高速列车进入隧道的气动作用数值模拟

Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamics of High-Speed Trains Running into Tunnels

为了寻求减小气动作用的方法,基于三维非稳态粘性流的雷诺平均Navier-Storkes方程及两方程紊流模型,采用包含移动网格技术的计算流体力学方法,对高速列车进入隧道的气动作用进行了动态数值模拟;计算了2种车型(ICE和新干线300系)、5种车速(200,250,300,350和400 km/h)和5种隧道断面尺寸的列车-隧道流场,获得了隧道内压力和列车气动阻力的变化趋势,并分析了列车速度、阻塞比、车头形状和线路状况等因素的影响.研究表明,列车速度和阻塞比对气动作用的影响具有一定规律.

To get the approaches to decrease the aerodynamic effects, the aerodynamic effects of highspeed trains running into tunnels were investigated by means of the computational fluid dynamics method with the technology of moving grids based on the 3D Reynolds average Navier-Storkes equations of viscous compressible fluid and the two-equation turbulent model. Thirty flow field situations, including 2 types of trains （ ICE and Series 300 Slinkiness）, 5 running speeds （200,250,300,350 and 400 km/h） of trains and 5 sizes of tunnel section, were simulated numerically. The change tendencies of the aerodynamic drag of trains and the aerodynamic pressures on tunnel wall and train head were obtained. The influences of running speed, blocking ratio, train head shape and line condition on the aerodynamic effects were analyzed. The research result shows that the influences of the running speed and the block ratio on the aerodynamic effects have a certain regularity .