“相忘”与“蝶化”——《庄子》论审美欣赏的心态及其最高境界

Xiangwang and Diehua——On the Mental State and the Highest State of Aesthetic Appreciation in Zhuangzi(Book of Master Zhuang)

庄子是战国时代重要的思想家、哲学家,他清醒地认识到当时社会的黑暗与人的现实生活的不自由。因此,摆脱现实中的困境和身心受到的羁绊,获得精神上的自由,一直是他的追求,而"相忘"正是他寻求到的一种有效的方式。"相忘"本意于其人生哲学,但庄子追求的人生是诗意的人生、审美的人生,这就使得"相忘"真实地揭示了审美欣赏时审美主体的心理状态特征。庄子还进一步论述了审美欣赏的最高境界——"蝶化"的境界。探讨和研究庄子的这一思想对更好地、全面地理解其文艺思想具有重要的意义和作用。

Zhuangzi was an important philosopher and thinker in Zhanguo and he clearly recognized the society was dark and people were not free in life. It was always his pursuit to extricate from the awkward predicament of reality as well as body and mind and obtaining spiritual freedom, and Zhuangzi pursued Xiangwang which was an extremely valid form. Xiangwang, which was Zhuangzi＇s original idea on his philosophy of life, but the life of his pursuing was aesthetic and full of poetic atmosphere, also really revealed the mental sate of aesthetic main body in appreciation. Zhuangzi also further discussed the state of Diehua, the highest state of aesthetic appreciation. Discussing Zhuangzi＇s idea about this is of important significance to better and allround understanding his thought in art and literature.