视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光状态分析

Survey of refractive status in preschool children with abnormal visual acuity

目的了解视力低常的学龄前儿童的屈光状态。方法回顾分析612例裸眼视力低于正常的学龄前儿童的屈光类型、散光类型及其程度。结果(1)各年龄段的屈光类型(P>0.05)和散光类型(P>0.05)的构成比差异无统计学意义:散光969眼占79.2%,其中散光在3岁组占79.5%,4岁组占81.2%,5岁组占77.8%,6岁组占76.8%;散光类型中复性远视散光679眼占55.5%,其在3岁组占55.7%,4岁组占72.2%,5岁组占69.8%,6岁组占63.2%。(2)各年龄段不同屈光类型和散光类型的屈光程度差异无统计学意义,散光程度3岁组(1.773±0.882)D,4岁组(1.789±0.780)D,5岁组(1.751±0.810)D,6岁组(1.823±0.859)D;复性远视散光3岁组(1.585±0.754)D,4岁组(1.612±0.656)D,5岁组(1.557±0.593)D,6岁组(1.605±0.746)D。结论视力低常的学龄前儿童的屈光状态以散光为主,其中又以复性远视散光为主,其屈光不正的程度没有随着年龄的增加而减少。

Objective To survey the refractive status in the preschool children. Methods A retrospective analysis of 612 preschool children with abnormal visual acuity, which was focused on the type and degree of refractive errors and astigmatism. Results （1） In different ages, there were no significant differences in the constituent ratio of the types of refraction and astigmatism（P〉 0.05） ： 969 eyes were astigmatic and accounted for 79.2 %, there were 79.5 %, 81.2 %, 77.8 %, 76.8 % in the groups of 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, and 6 years; 679 eyes were compound hyperopia astigmatic and accounted for 55. 5%, and there were 55. 7%, 72.2% ,69.8% ,63.2% in the groups of 3 years,4 years,5 years and 6 years. （2） There were no significant differences in the degree of the different refractive errors and astigmatism, the degree of astigmatism were （ 1. 773 ± 0. 882） D, （ 1. 789 ± 0. 780） D, （ 1.751 ± 0. 810）D,and （1. 823±0. 859）D in the groups of 3 years,4 years,5 years and 6 years; the degree of compound hyperopia astigmatism was （1. 585±0. 754）D,（1. 612±0. 656）D,（1. 557±0. 593）D, （1. 605±0. 746）D in the groups of 3 years,4 years,5 years and 6 years. Conclusion The main type of refractive errors in preschool children age is astigmatism,whose main type is compound hyperopia astigmatism,and the degree of refraction does not change with age.