青海省可可西里地区几种有蹄类动物的食物重叠初步分析

Diet Overlap among Selected Ungulates in Kekexili Region,Qinghai Province

2005年7月和2006年1月,应用粪便显微组织分析法测定了可可西里地区的藏野驴、藏羚、藏原羚、野牦牛,以及家牦牛和藏羊在冷季(1月)和暖季(7月)的食物构成。用Schoeners Index计算了这些同域分布动物种间的食物重叠度。结果表明,藏野驴分别与藏羚羊、野牦牛、藏原羚在暖季的食物重叠度各为63.0%、48.4%和24.1%,在冷季的重叠度为别为71.6%、42.0%和11.4%;藏羚羊与野牦牛、藏原羚在暖季的食物重叠度分别为52.0%和33.4%,其在冷季的食物重叠度各为50.3%和29.3%;野牦牛与藏原羚在冷暖季的食物重叠度分别为13.1%和15.9%。在可可西里地区同域分布野生有蹄类动物种间,藏原羚与其他有蹄类动物食物重叠较少,而藏羚羊、藏野驴、野牦牛之间则存在不同程度的食物重叠,且随季节不同而变化,反映了这些动物之间复杂的竞争和共存关系。此外,家牦牛和藏羊均与这些野生有蹄类动物存在高度的食物重叠。

In July 2005 and January 2006, diet overlap was studied among Tibetan sheep （ Ovis aries） and domestic yak （ Bos grunniens）, as well as among 4 wild ungulates species, Tibetan antelope （ Pantholops hodgsoni）, Tibetan gazelle （Procapra picticaudata）, wild yak （Poephagus mutus） and Tibetan wild ass （Equus kiang） distributed in Kekexili region, Qinghai Province, China, between the cold month （January） and warm month （July） based on microhistological analysis of fecal samples and calculated by Schoener Indices. Results show that the diet overlap of Tibetan wild ass was 63.0% , 48. 4%, and 24.1% with Tibetan antelope, wild yak and Tibetan gazelle in warm month and 71.6%, 42.0% and 11.4 % in the cold month, respectively. The diet overlap of Tibetan antelope was 52.0% and 33.4% with wild yak, Tibetan gazelle in the warm month and 50.3% and 29.3% in the cold month. The diet overlap of wild yak was 13.1% and 15.9% with Tibetan gazelle in cold and warm months. The results show that among the wild ungulates species in the Kekexili region, Tibetan gazelle and other ungulates have lower food overlap, and the Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild ass, wild yak have different levels of diet overlap in different seasons reflecting the complexity of competition and coexistence relations. In addition, there is a high degree of food overlap between domestic yak and domestic sheep and all these wild ungulates.