含能盐和含能离子液体

Energetic Salts and Energetic Ionic Liquids

近年来含能盐和含能离子液体由于其独特的性质而受到广泛关注。本文综述了多种含能盐和含能离子液体(阳离子包括三唑、四唑、双环唑、六次甲基四胺等;阴离子包括硝酸根、高氯酸根、硝基唑、叠氮根、四硝基铝、多腈基化合物、二硝基尿素等)的合成;结合其表征结果分析了阳离子上的取代基以及阴阳离子对它们的性能如熔点、生成焓、密度等的影响。对含能盐和含能离子液体在炸药和推进剂方面的应用进行了展望。

Energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids have been investigated widely in recent years for their properties, such as low vapor pressures and high densities. The synthesis methods of energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids （cations including triazole, tetrazole, bridged azole, hexamethyenetetrammonia, etc ; and anions including nitrate, perchlorate, azide, tetranitratealuminate, polycyan anion, N, N＇-dinitrourea, etc. ）are reviewed, and the effects of cations, anions and their substitution groups on melting point, enthalpy of formation, density of the materials are summarized. The applications of these compounds on explosives and propellants are also discussed.