典型高产区小麦玉米产量、肥料施用及土壤肥力状况

Wheat and Corn Production,Fertilizer Application and Soil Fertility Status of Typical High-Yield Areas

通过对浚县、温县、兰考3个高产区7个样点的小麦、玉米产量和施肥量情况进行调查,结果表明:小麦氮肥用量变化为210.9～376.5kg/hm2,平均用量254.8kg/hm2;磷肥用量变化为84～273.8kg/hm2,平均用量183.1kg/hm2;钾肥用量变化为0～355.4kg/hm2,平均用量232.9kg/hm2.玉米氮肥用量变化为433.5～556.9kg/hm2,平均用量457.9kg/hm2;磷肥用量变化为135～234kg/hm2,平均用量211.3kg/hm2;钾肥用量变化为90～253kg/hm2,平均用量157kg/hm2.小麦用氮肥偏生产力为27.33～49.49kg/kg,平均40.03kg/kg;磷肥偏生产力为36.43～109.29kg/kg,平均50.68kg/kg;钾肥偏生产力为25.96～74.31kg/kg,平均44.09kg/kg.玉米上氮肥偏生产力为22.15～28.93kg/kg,平均25.94kg/kg;磷肥偏生产力为41.03～96.96kg/kg,平均60.07kg/kg;钾肥偏生产力为63.38～145.44kg/kg,平均83.07kg/kg.7个调查样点土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮普遍较高,但速效磷、钾差别较大.超高产攻关田与农民生产田比较,前者土壤速效磷和速效钾明显高于后者,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮也比后者高,但差别较小.

Wheat,corn production and fertilizer application of 7 samples in Xunxian county,Wenxian county and Lankao county of three high-yield areas were investigated. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat is changed from 210.9 to 376.5 kg/hm2,averaged 254.8 kg/hm2;Changes in the amount of phosphate fertilizer is in 84~273.8 kg/hm2,the average amount is 183.1 kg/hm2;Changes in the amount of potassium is in the 0~355.4 kg/hm2,the average amount is 232.9 kg/hm2;Changes in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer on corn is in the 433.5~556.9 kg/hm2,the average amount is 457.9 kg/hm2;changes in the amount of phosphate fertilizer is in the 135~234 kg/hm2,the average amount is 211.3 kg/hm2. Changes in the amount of potassium in the 90~253 kg/hm2, the average amount is 157 kg/hm2. Nitrogen fertilizer on wheat-productive is 27.33~49.49 kg/kg,an average is 40.03 kg/kg;P-productive is 36.43~109.29 kg/kg,an average is 50.68 kg/kg;K-productive is 25.96~74.31 kg/kg, an average is 44.09 kg/kg. Corn-nitrogen fertilizer on productivity is in the 22.15~28.93 kg/kg,an average is 25.94 kg/kg;productivity for the phosphate is from 41.03 kg/kg to 96.96 kg/kg,an average is 60.07 kg/kg;K-productive is between 63.38~145.44 kg/kg,the average is 83.07 kg/kg. 7 survey samples of soil organic matter,nitrogen, nitrogen is relatively high. However,available phosphorus,potassium is big difference. Super-high-yield research and farmers produce compared soil available P and K were significantly higher than the latter,soil organic matter, nitrogen,nitrogen than the latter,but the difference is smaller.