石油污染物在湖底淤泥中迁移和分布规律的研究

Investigation on the migration and distribution patterns of petroleum-series contaminants in lake bottom silt

为了考察石油类污染物在湖底淤泥中的迁移和分布规律,取湖泊不同位置处底泥样品进行研究。利用超声波提取底泥样品中的有机物,并采用GC-MS对其进行分析。研究结果表明,石油类有机物已污染到湖泊底部20cm深度。远离入水口,底泥中有机物的含量降低;在同一位置处,底泥中有机物的含量随底泥深度的增加而减少。有机物轻组分主要吸附在0～10 cm范围内底泥中,而重组分则迁移到10～20 cm范围的底泥中。底泥中轻组分有机物比较容易降解,降解底泥中的重组分有机物是解决湖泊污染的关键。

To investigate the migration and distribution patterns of petroleum series contaminants in lake-bottom silt, the silt examples at different location were obtained in this study. The organic matter was extracted from silt with ultrasonic extraction methods and was analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the depth of the silt contaminated by petroleum arrived at 20 cm. The content of organic matter decreased with the increasing of the distance away from water entrance, the content of organic matter decreased with the increasing of the depth of silt at the same location of lake. The light constituent was adsorbed in the silt within 10 em depth, while the heavy constituent moved to the silt within 10～20 cm depth. The light constituent in silt was easily decomposed; so the degradation of heavy constituent was the key of reducing lake pollution.