古代新疆屯垦的时空分布特征与动力机制分析

The Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution and the Motive System of the Military Reclamation in the Ancient Xinjiang

屯垦是我国用于治理边疆的一项特殊的手段,在古代西域的稳定和发展中占据举足轻重的作用。文章中总结了从西汉至清代各代屯垦的时空分布特征,认为屯垦地点多分布在丝绸之路沿线的军事扼要之地,受西域内外政治局势变化的影响,屯垦的重心逐渐由南疆向北疆转移,如此的空间转移也带动了清代以后北疆城镇群带的兴起。自然影响力和政治驱动力是屯垦发生的两类动力因素,探求其作用机制,认为这两类因素是古代新疆屯垦规模之大、屯垦时间之长、屯垦成效之明显的核心动力。

Military reclamation,which played an important role in the ancient Xinjiang is a special measure in ruling the frontier. It is of a long history and is significant in the development and the stability of Xinjiang. By summarizing the characteristics of the temporal and special distribution of the military reclamation from the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,this paper suggests that the sites of the military reclamation were gathered up by the military towns alone the Silk Road and the main sites of the military reclamation were gradually shifting through the south to the north,and then the cities in north Xinjiang sprung up. As for the two impetuses of the military reclamation,this paper tries to find the mechanism between the natural factors and the policy ones, then comes to the conclusion of the influences in the scale, the duration and the result of the military reclamation caused by the two impetus.