从多元认知的角度看留学生汉字书写过程

A Study of the Foreign Students’ Writing of Chinese Character from the Multi-cognitive Perspective

文章从多元认知的角度讨论如何看待非汉字圈留学生汉字书写过程的问题。我们将留学生汉字书写过程经摄像观察再转为文字，历时3年。摄像记录包括从短时记忆（看字写字）到长时记忆（心理词汇的提取）的汉字书写过程。观察发现每个留学生都有与中国人不同的汉字书写方式，但这种方式不影响最后的汉字成品正确，也不影响学生汉语水平的提高。那么，如何来看待这种书写方式？文章提出：从多元认知的角度来客观分析留学生汉字书写过程，承认其学习过程的差异，并且呼吁对外汉语研究者和教师应该首先具备接受和包容多元文化和多种语言学习过程差异的心态，采取积极的态度来对待留学生的书写习惯或方式，而不是按传统习惯将此界定为“错误”并加以细致的纠正。

From the multi -cognitive perspective, this paper discusses the problems concerning the writing of Chinese characters by non - Chinese students. In the past three years, the author of this paper has made a video recording of their wring process and reached a conclusion. The video recording includes the process of character writing from short - term memory （ read characters and write them down immediately） to long - term memory （internal lexicon retrieving and writing ）. It reveals that each student has a different way of writing Chinese characters ; however, this unique way of writing does not affect their correct writing of Chinese character or hinder their improvement in learning Chinese. This paper holds that an objective analysis of this process from a multi - cognitive perspective and the acceptance of their differences are very important. This paper also argues that educators should have the psychology of accepting muhicuhural and multilingnal differences rather than term their different ways as mistakes＇by following the traditional teaching approaches.