描述翻译学的语言学理论模式

A Linguistic Model for Descriptive Translation Studies

系统功能语言学近10年来被广泛地应用于翻译对应语篇分析中，但其后的理论动因很少有人论及。同时，描述翻译学近年来在翻译理论研究界影响虽大，但总缺乏实质性的、突破性的成果。究其理论根源，系统功能语言学和描述翻译学具有相通的语言观、系统观和功能观，即，二者都把语言系统的实例——语篇作为研究的出发点，采用了系统分析和功能分析的方式。基于此，系统功能语言学的系统理论、功能理论、语境理论，可以为描述翻译学提供一种更加细致有效的互动研究模式：系统的语言学理论以某一入列条件出发，可以避免描述翻译的盲目性，提高描述的有效性；功能的理论以某一结构或意义出发，可以佐证译文在译语文化中的功能；语境的理论以语域和体裁为中介，可以贯通译文语篇和译语文化的桥梁。

Descriptive Translation Studies, initiated in the 1970s, possesses both theoretical and practical attributes, and thus this dualism redounds to the exchanges between the study of translation theories and that of practices. This article discusses the role of the Systemic Functional Linguistics in Descriptive Translation Studies, with regard to System, Function and Context, and is concluded that the Systemic Functional Linguistics, as a kind of modem linguistics based on ethnography, sociology and semiotics, can provide a better and more effective approach for Descriptive Translation Studies.