在“治法”与“治人”之间——黄宗羲“有治法而后有治人”思想研究

Between Good law and Man of God——On Huang Zongxi's Thought that Good Law has Precedence Over Man of God

黄宗羲在继承先秦思想家的基础上,对一家之法与天下之法进行了区分,明确提出"有治法而后有治人"的思想,强调治法对于治人的优先地位。他对理想的治法做了具体的设想,主张设置宰相,建立学校,恢复方镇,以外在的形式来限制君主的权力,从而使其认识达到了历史的高度。但是,由于时代的限制,黄宗羲并没有否定君主制的合法性,其治法主张最终仍然滑向了对治人的期待。

On the basis of Xian Qin thinkers, Huang Zongxi differentiated legal system of emperor＇ s and the whole people＇ s, and then appealed that good law has precedence over Man of God. He conceived perfect Good law concretely, advocated to set prime minister, set up school and resume the square- guard, so that the emperor＇ s power could be restricted through exterior institutional measure. His thought marked a new level of ancient China＇ s ideology and culture. But on account of the age limit, Huang Zongxi did not deny the validity of emperor, his thought slid to the expectation of Man of God.