从“诗无邪”到“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐”

On Poetic Study in Confucian Analects

孔子继承了春秋诗教的读诗与用诗观念,以恢复周礼为己任。《论语》的诗论主要是针对《诗经》"思无邪"的特点,而"兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐"则是孔子的教学过程。孔子认为《诗经》内容丰富,真情流露,在教学时必须以礼和乐约束学生的思想和行为。《诗经》是具体的文本,在学习上来说是较为容易掌握的;从《诗经》的内容与表达形式到礼的道德意义和仪式是对文本的深究;乐是根据礼仪而订定的,所以须在掌握礼仪后才能学习相配的乐曲以巩固所学。

Confucius inherited the practices of learning and application of poem- teaching approach in the Spring and Autumn Period to re.store the rites of Zhou as his personal responsibility. The key point of the poem- teaching approach in the Confucian Analects is on the special connotation of the phrase ＂The horses are running around on errands＂ （思无邪） and the sentence ＂It is by the poems that the mind is aroused of; it is by the rites that the character is established; it is from music that the finish is consolidated＂ （兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐） is the teaching stages of Confucius. Confucius thought that the Book of Songs was rich in knowledge and revealed true sentiment of writers and therefore it is necessary to regulate students＇ thought and be- haviour through rites and music. The Book of Songs is a concrete text and therefore it is easier for students to learn. From the contents and style to the moral values of the rites and ritual ceremonies is an advance study on the concrete text. Music is made according to the rites and ritual ceremonies and therefore it can only be learned at a later stage to consolidate what have learned.