寒富苹果特异性状评价

Evaluation of the specific characters of Hanfu apple cultivar

以寒富苹果及其亲本为试材,采用田间调查、荧光显微观察、解剖特征分析和相关生理生化指标测定相结合的方法,对寒富苹果的树体发育状况和器官组织结构进行了系统研究,综合评价其特异性状。结果表明,寒富苹果叶片的栅栏组织较厚,叶片厚度、叶脉突起度、枝条皮部比率均大于亲本。树体的短枝比率、1a生枝的粗度和节数均较高,具有明显的短枝特征;自花授粉后,花粉管能顺利进入子房,并能够正常坐果,形成种子,具有较强的自交亲和能力;腋花芽结果能力较强,主要集中分布于第21～29节和35～39节;果实的角质层较厚,果皮、果肉细胞较小,排列紧密,耐贮性较强;人工低温处理后,枝条的相对电导率、MDA质量摩尔浓度、SOD酶活性和POD酶活性均反映出寒富苹果具有较强的抗寒性。因此,寒富苹果为短枝性状明显、自交亲和、腋花芽结果能力、耐贮性和抗寒性均较强的多性状聚合特异性苹果品种。

Experiment was conducted with Hanfu apple cuhivar and its parentage Dongguang and Fuij for studying the specific characteristics of Hanfu tree development through field investigation, fluorescence microscopy, anatomic analysis and related physiological and biological indexes determination. The results showed that the leaf blade of Hanfu euhivar was thick and with a thicker palisade tissue, vein protuberant degree and the ratio of cortex tissue of shoot were the largest compared with its parents. The ratio of short shoots, diameter and internode number were higher, so Hanfu apple showed an obvious spur type character. Under self-pollination conditions, its pollen tubes could enter into the ovary, set fruit and form seeds, which proved that Hanfu apple was a self-compatible cuhivar. The bearing ability of axillary flower buds of Hanfu euhivar was stronger; its axillary flower buds mainly concentrated on the 21 to 29th and 35 to 39th node. The fruit surface cuticle of Hanfu apple was thicker, and the pericarp and pulp cell were relatively smaller, and arranged closely, which showed that the fruit storability of Hanfu apple was better than its parents. After low temperature treatments, the relative eonduetanee, MDA contents, SOD and POD activities reflected that the cold resistanee of Hanfu apple was higher. So Hanfu apple was a specific apple cultivar with obvious short branching character, stronger self-compatibility,higher ability of axillary flower bud bearing fruit, higher hardiness and long fruit storability.