葡萄无核性状遗传与胚挽救技术的研究及应用

Research and application of the inheritance of Seedlessness and embryo rescue techniques in seedless grape breeding

葡萄无核性状遗传以及无核葡萄胚挽救技术是葡萄无核育种领域的研究热点之一,无核葡萄胚挽救技术已经成为葡萄无核育种主要手段,在无核葡萄育种中发挥了重要作用。胚挽救技术的发展和应用,突破了传统的无核葡萄育种方法,极大地拓宽了葡萄无核品种育种的范围和效率。综述了近年来关于无核葡萄的类型、无核性状的遗传以及现在生产上应用的无核葡萄无核性的来源,胚挽救技术在培育葡萄无核品种、克服远缘杂交不亲和性、缩短育种周期等方面的研究和应用。同时,对影响胚挽救成功的因素如品种、培养基类型及成分、接种时期及珠被处理等进行了探讨。最后对葡萄胚挽救技术目前存在的问题和今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望。

Nowdays inheritance of seedlessness and embryo rescue techniques are the hotspots in the research field of breeding seedless grape. The technique of embryo rescue culture of seedless grape has been becoming the main method of seedless grape breeding and playing most important role in breeding new seedless grape varieties. The traditional method in seedless grape breeding has been broken through by the embryo rescue techniques, and also this technique enlarged the range of selection of the mating varieties and increased the efficiency in breeding seedless grape varieties. This paper reviewed the latest research information about the application and progress of the inheritance of seedlessness in grape （Vitis vinifera L. ） and the embryo rescue techniques in seedless grape breeding. The utilization of embryo rescue techniques played an important role in breeding seedless grape varieties, as well as overcoming the abortion in distant hybridization and shortening the breeding period. Meanwhile, several factors that affect embryo culture, e.g. the genotype, medium type and contents, maturation stage and embryo treatment, are introduced in detail. Finally, the problems presented in the techniques of embryo rescue are discussed and future research direction on embryo rescue in seedless grape is prospected.