果园生草的生态效应及在果树上的应用

Ecological Effect And Application Prospect of Growing Grass in Orchard

从生草对果园土壤、果园微域环境、果树生长的影响综述了国内外近年来研究的新进展。结果表明:和传统的果园土壤清耕模式相比较,果园生草具有明显的水土保持作用,增加土壤全N、速效P及交换K含量,显著增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,改善土壤酶活性,使果园微域环境温度变化趋于平缓,果园天敌种类和数量增加,有利于害虫的生物防治,增加果实含糖量,改善果实着色;同时,生草降低果园土壤水分含量,降低果树加粗生长,减少果实产量,有利于病虫滋生。展望了果园生草在我国现阶段无公害果品生产、果园循环经济中的广阔应用前景。指出了我国推广果园生草需要注意及应当进一步研究的问题。

The researches of growing grass on orchard soil, microenvironment and fruit crops growth were reviewed in recent years. Results showed that growing grass in the orchard could get the soil and water conserved significantly, the content of the soil total N, effective P and changeable K increased, the soil organic substance increased significantly, the soil enzyme activity and construction improved, the change of microenvironment temperature declined, the quantity and kinds of natural enemies of pests increased, pests controlled by natural enemies more easily,the sugar content and coloring index of the fruits increased significantly compared with the soil clean management, while it could get the soil moisture content decreased, the fruit crops growth and fruit yield decreased and some special disease and pests appeared easi- ly. Broad application prospect of growing grass in the pollution-free fruits production and the orchard circular economy in our country was forecasted. Some notices about extension and research questions for the future were suggested.